![]() Given that the gut microbiome of children <3 years is still developing and that antibiotics are known to affect the gut microbiome of young children, with potential impacts on microbial communities later in life, this study aimed to evaluate whether MegaSporeBiotic™ had any effects on the recovery of the activity and composition of the gut microbial community of 6–24-month-old babies following treatment with a broad-spectrum antibiotic using the Baby-M-SHIME ® technology platform. In that study, changes to the microbial community composition with MegaSporeBiotic™ supplementation were also observed. This probiotic supplement was previously shown to support changes in gut microbiome metabolism, including increased propionate production, in an M-SHIME ® model of the healthy adult gut microbiome. MegaSporeBiotic™ is a spore-based probiotic that contains five Bacillus strains ( Bacillus indicus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus licheniformis, and Bacillus clausii ). An in vitro study demonstrated that these probiotics aid in the recovery of the adult gut microbiome after antibiotic-induced dysbiosis, particularly for propionate-producing bacterial families. Bacillus-based probiotics have been shown to support increased SCFA production either directly or by promoting increased levels of SCFA-producing bacteria. These advantages include resistance to desiccation and heat, and stability over a wide range of pHs, allowing them to survive the harsh acidic conditions of the stomach. have been used as probiotics, having several advantages over non-spore-based probiotics. Members of the spore-forming Bacillus spp. Several benefits are reported for probiotic use, including improved gastrointestinal health and gut barrier function, and beneficial effects on both the mucosal and systemic immune systems. Probiotics are defined by the World Health Organization as “live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit to the host”. Decreased microbial diversity in early childhood may limit immune education, potentially leading to less robust microbial communities later in life. Short-term microbiota composition changes are observed after antibiotic treatment in those <3 years of age. The microbiota of antibiotic-treated children is modestly less diverse than untreated children, though this is only apparent in those >1 year of age. One such factor is antibiotic use, which is relatively widespread among children. Prior to stabilization, which occurs at around 3 years of age, the composition of the gut microbiome is dynamic and may be influenced by a number of factors. Some important functions of SCFAs include that they are an energy source for intestinal epithelial cells, they help to strengthen the intestinal barrier, and they stimulate blood flow in the colon. Acetate, propionate, and butyrate are the most predominant SCFAs involved in the maintenance of host health. ![]() Some bacteria found in the gut are able to ferment indigestible dietary glycans into short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) which play an important role in both gut health and overall health. The gut microbiome influences both host metabolism and the immune system. Future studies evaluating simultaneous antibiotic and probiotic treatment may be of interest. MegaSporeBiotic™ supplementation following antibiotic-induced dysbiosis had little effect on the recovery of the microbial community activity or composition of the baby gut microbiota. There were few differences in microbial community composition between untreated and treated chambers during the follow-up period. SCFA levels recovered for both untreated and treated chambers during the follow-up period recovery was similar among donors. Antibiotic-induced dysbiosis was confirmed by significantly decreased SCFA levels and changes in the microbial community composition in the antibiotic vs. Established Baby-Quad-M-SHIME ® proximal colon vessels (control period) were treated with 75 mg amoxicillin:clavulanic acid (2:1) for five days (antibiotic period) and then with/without daily MegaSporeBiotic™ (2 weeks follow-up period). The effects of a probiotic formulation (MegaSporeBiotic™ Bacillus indicus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus licheniformis, and Bacillus clausii ) on the microbial community activity and composition of the baby gut microbiome were evaluated using the in vitro gut model, the mucosal simulator of the human intestinal microbial system (M-SHIME ®), and fecal samples from four babies aged 6–24 months. Antibiotic use causes dysbiosis probiotic treatment may mitigate these effects by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria and restoring a healthy gut microbiota.
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